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Below you can find more information about our Design

Sludge Pressure

Pressure wave velocity 'a' is the function of pipe material, pipe wall thickness, specific gravity and bulk modules of the liquid being transported. The pressure wave velocity can be calculated using following equation:

a= 1/w/g[1/k+D.c1/E.e]

a = Pressure Wave Velocity

g = Acceleretion due to gravity

D = Diameter of pipe

e = Tickness of pipe

E = Elastic modulus of the pipe material

k = Volume modulus of water

C1 = Depend up on poisson's ratio of the pipe material is equal to

C1 = [5/4-µ] for a pipe anchored at upper end and wihout expensions joints

C1 = [1-µ2] for a pipe anchored at against longitudinal movement thoughrout its length

C1 = [1-µ/2] for a pipe with expensions joints

Piosssion,s Ratio 'µ'

Steel - 0.33

PVC - 0.40

Cast Iron - 0.33

HDPE - 0.50

Modulus of Elasticity of some pipe material

Steel - 2.0x106kg/cm2

CI - 1.12x106kg/cm2

PVC - 30000kg/cm2

HDPE - 9000kg/cm2

Preesure wave velocity in water has value ranging 900-1200 m/sec steel concerte for pipe which reduces 175-400 m/sec for HDPE pipes. This low wave velocity in PE helps in limiting pressure rating of pipe and prevents the damege to pipe,values,fittings etc. due to higher wave velocityies